Penalaran Matematika: Apa Aspek Sentralnya?
Abstract
Pengembangan penalaran matematis siswa merupakan tujuan dari kurikulum pendidikan Indonesia dan beberapa kurikulum diluar negeri. Tapi terdiri dari apa penalaran matematika tidak selalu jelas, secara umum setiap orang memiliki pengertian tentang penalaran matematikanya sendiri. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah literature review. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memperjelas aspek-aspek penalaran matematika dari perspektif teoritis, dengan mengelaborasi artikel-artikel penalaran matematika sehingga berkontribusi pada penelitian selanjutnya. Untuk mencapai elaborasi tersebut, dilakukan pencarian literatur dengan kata kunci penalaran matematika, pemikiran matematis, penalaran deduktif, penalaran induktif dan sebagainya. Dari analisis literatur penelitian pendidikan matematika tentang penalaran matematika, sintesis yang dilakukan mengarah pada aspek penalaran matematika. Langkah literature review adalah: pertama, memilih artikel dengan kata kunci penalaran matematika dan kata kunci lain yang terkait dengan penalaran. Kedua, dilakukan penganalisaan literatur. Ketiga, melakukan sintesis untuk menyoroti konvergensi, divergensi, dan untuk menunjukkan area di mana terdapat kesenjangan teoritis yang perlu diisi oleh model apapun yang dapat mewakili aspek sentrak penalaran. Pada akhir proses dilakukan analisis 25 artikel Aspek yang diuraikan disini, terdiri dari dua aspek utama: aspek struktural dan aspek proses, yang keduanya diperlukan untuk menangkap karakterisitik sentral dari penalaran matematika. Aspek struktur dari penalaran terdiri dari langkah deduktif, langkah induktif dan langkah abduktif. Sedangkan, aspek proses penalaran matematis terdiri dari proses yang berhubungan dengan pencarian persamaan dan perbedaan dan proses yang terkait dengan validasi.
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